The skull is supported by the first cervical vertebra, which is known as the atlas. They are different from those in the thoracic and lumbar regions for the fact that they have a hole or foramen in each transverse process for the vertebral artery to pass through. The cervical vertebrae are the first 7 vertebrae that are also the smallest of the true vertebrae. Total number of bones=26 Cervical Vertebrae Bones at a GlanceĬervical vertebrae (7) Thoracic vertebrae (12) Lumbar vertebrae (5) Sacrum (1) Coccyx (1) The various vertebrae are grouped as given below.
The vertebrae give the vertebral column its flexibility due to which we can bend forwards and sideways. In addition to the vertebrae, there are two other bones that form a part of the vertebral column: the sacrum and the coccyx. The vertebral column, or the spinal column, is made up of 24 small bones, each of which is known as a vertebra.
The last two pairs are known as the floating ribs because although they start from the thoracic vertebrae, they do not attach to the sternum. The next three are attached to the sternum through a common cartilaginous extension. The first seven pairs are directly attached to the sternum through cartilage. This is followed by the body (to which the ribs are attached), and the xyphoid process.
It consists of three parts, and the topmost part is the manubrium, to which the clavicle is attached. Together with the ribs, it forms the anterior part of the rib cage. It lies in the central portion of the rib cage, and is attached to the ribs via cartilage. Here’s a list of the bones in the thorax. It is the portion below the neck that encloses the heart and the lungs. The thorax is the part of the body between the neck and the abdomen. An interesting fact about the clavicle is that it is the only long bone that lies horizontally. Put in simple words, it is the bone that attaches the arm to the body. It is commonly called the collarbone, and is a pair of small long bones that join the scapula to the sternum. There are two such bones, one on each side of the shoulder. It is commonly referred to as the shoulder blade. It connects the humerus (upper arm) with the clavicle. The scapula is a flat, triangular bone that forms the posterior part of the shoulder girdle. The bones of the shoulder are as given below. The shoulder is made of two bones that together allow the attachment of the arm to the body. It is the smallest bone in the human body. The function of the stapes is to transmit sound vibrations from the incus to the labyrinth of the inner ear. The oval window is nothing but an opening to the inner ear, and it is covered with a membrane. The stapes is a stirrup-shaped small bone that is attached to the incus at one end, and to the fenestra ovalis or the “oval window”, on the other. Its function is to transmit sound vibrations from the malleus to the stapes. The incus is an anvil-shaped bone that connects the malleus to the stapes. Its function is to transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus. The malleus is a small hammer-shaped bone that is attached to the eardrum at one end, and to the incus at the other. These are very small bones, and their function is to transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. In all mammals, including humans, the middle ear has three bones that are known as the auditory ossicles. The middle ear is the region between the eardrum and the cochlea. It articulates with 6 bones: the ethmoid, the sphenoid, the two palatine bones, and the two maxillary bones. It is a thin, flat single bone that lies along the midsagittal line. Located above these bones, are the middle nasal concha and the superior nasal concha, which arise from the cranial region. These are paired bones of the face that arise from the maxillary bone and continue horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. Each lacrimal bone articulates with the frontal bone, the ethmoid bone, the maxilla, and the inferior nasal concha. The lacrimal bone is the smallest bone of the face, and there are 2 such bones, each one forming a part of the median wall of the orbital cavity. These are 2 oblong bones, and their size varies in different individuals. The nasal bones are two in number, and together form the bridge of the nose.
It is one of the many bones that form the walls of the orbital cavity. There are 2 such bones, one on each side of the face, forming the prominence of the cheek. The zygomatic bone is also known as the cheekbone or malar bone. Besides the nasal cavity, it also contributes to the roof of the mouth as well as to the floor of the orbit. It is located behind the nasal cavity and hence, contributes to its floor and the lateral walls. The palatine is an L-shaped bone that is situated between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid.
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